Request Tutoring Info
Please enter name
Please enter email
Please enter phone
Please enter details
Suffolk Biology I tutors

Book Top-Rated Biology I Tutors Near Me In Suffolk, NY

Our Suffolk Biology I tutors are top college students and graduates from local area universities. They have an average GPA of 3.5 or higher in their areas of tutoring specialization. At Frog Tutoring, we work with students in all grade levels and our Suffolk private Biology I tutors provide customized one on one in-home tutoring through our proven three step approach to academic success.

1.Bring student up to speed by reviewing past work to ensure they are not missing any important concepts that might affect their abilities to learn future lessons. 2. Keep student ahead of the class by using the teachers lesson plan, textbook, and online curriculum to cover lessons before it is taught in class. 2. Reinforce key concepts they might have missed. This ensures they will never be behind again. Your tutor will also help with organization, study skills, and note taking strategies.
Your Suffolk area Biology I tutor will also track student progress through detailed session reports which will be available to you at the end of each tutoring session. If it is okay with you, your tutor will contact your child's teacher, for K-12, to get a more detailed understanding of what they are struggling with and also to make sure that he/she and the teacher are both on the same page in their approach to tackling the problem.

Browse our list of qualified Biology I tutors below. If you are in need of an Biology I tutor in Suffolk, please call us or simply go to the tab above and Request a Tutor and let us help provide the understanding and assistance needed for success.

Read more... Read less
cnn cbs boston miami fox news

List of High-Achieving Biology I Tutors Near Me In Suffolk, NY For In-Person & Online Tutoring


How it works

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Request any tutor by submitting a form

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Speak with our enrollment advisor to get your questions answered

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Get connected with your private in-person or online tutor

Our Students and Parents Love Us
as Much as We Love Them

">
MB
Knowledge
Presentation

My daughter and I love Savannah! She is so knowledgeable and sweet, and comes up with amazing lessons on a whim. She is so creative in thinking outside the box.

">
SD
Knowledge
Presentation

Alexander is an excellent tutor for my grandchildren. He is patient and kind and makes learning fun and exciting. They look forward to seeing him each week.

">
DM
Knowledge
Presentation

Mercedes is an excellent fit for my granddaughter. She has the knowledge and patience that is required to help a child learn. thank you

">
PH
Knowledge
Presentation

An excellent tutor and a kind individual who is dedicated to helping you understand any challenging material!

">
AP
Knowledge
Presentation

Dr. Jide is incredible! He has worked with my daughter for several weeks helping her prepare for the ACT. He is very knowledgeable and explains the math concepts very well. My daughter's confidence has definitely increased. We are appreciative of his kindness and support.

">
KM
Knowledge
Presentation

Would recommend to anyone. Not only has she helped out with my classes but is also very knowledgeable about the ARRT. Flexible and helpful in many ways. Great tutor/instructor/person. I feel extremely confident on passing the ARRT with her as a tutor.

">
DM
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}she was very knowledgeable and patient with my daughter

">
JN
Knowledge
Presentation

Robert has been excellent and extremely helpful to my son. He is also flexible and has been willing to meet with my son prior to his exams for tutoring. MY son started the semester with a D and has increased his to a B. Thank you Robert!

">
TA
Knowledge
Presentation

Alex has thoroughly enjoyed the sessions and found them to be very helpful. I am really happy with the feedback and the communication. Wouldn't hesitate to recommend.

">
JY
Knowledge
Presentation

Rosemary was super helpful going over some of the concepts that were tricky, and helped explain the content well.

">
HM
Knowledge
Presentation

Super helpful and willing to adjust to my learning habits. I really enjoy our time working together as the preparation from her end is very noticeable and appreciated.

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Great tutoring session!

">
JC
Knowledge
Presentation

Sarah is our 5th tutor we have used on Frog tutoring. In just one short month of tutoring my child with ADHD, she has improved his math grade from a C to an A-!! We are so happy for the progress our child has made with Sarah’s help, and we will definitely continue to use her as our child’s...

">
JL
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}The sessions are going well and I am understanding the material . The information is clear , which I love.

">
RG
Knowledge
Presentation

Overall, AJ was absolutely amazing. I didn’t understand almost anything in physics and he made it seem like elementary grade stuff, overall was amazing and I will miss him

">
KB
Knowledge
Presentation

Ali is an amazing tutor always willing to help me on my school assignments and is a very down-to-earth person.

">
JD
Knowledge
Presentation

good tutor

">
KB
Knowledge
Presentation

Looking forward to meeting you.

">
AN
Knowledge
Presentation

Joyce has been great in helping me review topics for the NCLEX

">
SM
Knowledge
Presentation

Ryan in very knowledgeable on the topics I was needing help with. He is professional and works around your schedule. The best tutor I have had on frog tutoring.

">
RW
Knowledge
Presentation

Good tutor

">
RW
Knowledge
Presentation

Never partnered so unable to rate accurately but frog tutors are great so why not give a 5

">
OS
Knowledge
Presentation

patient and knowledgeable

">
Dm
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Hayeon Lee is fantastic !
Very knowledgeable and wonderful to work with.
She is kind and is very easy to learn from.
Thank you for finding her.
We have another session Tuesday but I have to reschedule
Perhaps Wednesday?

">
DY
Knowledge
Presentation

Very encouraging and funny. He makes learning fun and teaches in a very simple, easy way to understand.

">
MP
Knowledge
Presentation

Pamela is wonderful! She's the perfect fit for my son! She's very engaging and makes tutoring fun for him

">
HB
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}
Vince is very happy with this tutor.

">
RF
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Jaelynn Cafourek's accomplished computer skills and college training make her a very valuable asset to those who need a professional with their studies.I highly recommend her and her excellent attitude, and clear ability to connect with others and their specific learning...

">
JS
Knowledge
Presentation

Carolle is an excellent tutor. She explains things well, sends me frequent reminders of what I learned during the week, and is altogether a pleasure

">
DR
Knowledge
Presentation

Jeff was extremely knowledgeable and helpful. Deep industry knowledge in running in investment firm and very solid resource. Thank you!

">
MV
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}
Joyce is very knowledgeable and helpful.

">
TS
Knowledge
Presentation

A very smart individual, has great knowledge to cover the stuff needed based off your preference.

">
RF
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Craig has been a big help with helping me learn how to use the internet, navigate a job search and I have learned quite a bit in a shot time.

">
DY
Knowledge
Presentation

Makes learing fun!

">
OT
Knowledge
Presentation

Matthew and I concentrated on financial statements in my CFA Level 1 curriculum. He was extremely knowledgeable and, with his own industry experience, he was very effective at providing real-life examples that made it easier to understand the concepts.

">
Ma
Knowledge
Presentation

He is a great tutor. He knows the topics very well and explains them easily. My only complaint is that his handwriting is somewhat messy. All in all, he is a great SAT tutor for English and math.

">
MB
Knowledge
Presentation

Awesome! he and my son work great together! My Son won't work with anyone else.

">
IB
Knowledge
Presentation

Gurleen is AMAZING!!!!!! She is the best tutor you will find on here. She is very knowledgeable on chemistry and will help you work through so many problems despite them being very challenging. Gurleen helps with retaining the knowledge and provides notes and practice problems as well. if you need...

">
RH
Knowledge
Presentation

Dana is very knwoedgable, especially with anatomy. I was a earning around an 80-84 percent(C) in my medical program exams. With Dana's assistance and vast knowledge in this subject I have passed a written exam AND a practical with a 92(A)!!! Dana positively encourages/challenges her students...

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Sunita Woodcheke has not only demonstrated an extraordinary commitment to my child's academic progress but has also exhibited remarkable patience, enthusiasm, and expertise in their teaching approach. Through personalized lessons and tailored guidance Sunita has fostered a supportive learning...

">
SM
Knowledge
Presentation

Kevin is knowledgeable about math, and he knows how to teach. I’m very rusty on my skills, but he’s been nothing but patient with me. He absorbs my weaknesses and focuses on what I need help with. I appreciate all he’s done so far.

">
TG
Knowledge
Presentation

McKenna has done a great job of working with my daughter on geometry.

">
TM
Knowledge
Presentation

school rating and grades improved.

">
NC
Knowledge
Presentation

I am so happy with this tutoring, my son is engaged all the time. He loves to work in the computer and the activities that they do during the tutoring. She used many different way and form in order to keep him engaged.

">
EC
Knowledge
Presentation

Annie is great!!!!

">
EC
Knowledge
Presentation

Madi is fantastic!!

">
NT
Knowledge
Presentation

I don't sit next to my 9yo during sessions, and this is the first time I ever used a tutor. I can tell you that using a tutor eliminates all the fighting and whining from my kid about doing homework which makes me very happy. They get a lot done during an hour. The tutor is focused, prepared,...

">
PM
Knowledge
Presentation

Fabulous. Olivia is engaging, knowledgeable, and a delight to work with. Highly recommend. Always punctual. Always reliable. Always helpful. Competent with both homework help and direct instruction.

">
CH
Knowledge
Presentation

Extremely knowledgeable and gave direct examples of certain concepts I had trouble with. He also helped assess some of the specific terminology that I need to look for on the exam.

">
TG
Knowledge
Presentation

Chigbo explains concepts in a way that makes it easy to understand. My daughter's understanding and confidence had a real boost in just two days.

Qualification and Certification of Biology I Tutors Near Me In Suffolk, NY


  • Undergraduate
  • Bachelor degree holders
  • Master degree holders
  • Ph.D. holders
  • Teaching Certification
  • Professional Certificate
  • Background checks
  • Tutoring experience
  • Continuous education
  • FrogTutoring verification certification

Suffolk, NY Biology I Tutoring Rates


  • Price range from $37/hr - $65/hr
  • Rates vary based on the type of tutoring, methods used, and the number of hours required.
  • Contact our enrollment team to receive your personalized rate.

Tutoring Methods of Our Private Tutors In Suffolk, NY


  • In-person/in-home tutoring
  • Online tutoring
  • One-on-one tutoring
  • Group lessons tutoring.

Tools We Use For Online Biology I Tutoring


  • Zoom
  • FrogTutoring custom online tutoring platform
  • The Lesson space

Our Biology I Clientele In Suffolk, NY


  • High school students
  • Middle school students
  • College students
  • Adults
  • Special needs students

Tutoring Locations For Biology I In Suffolk, NY


  • Student homes
  • Public Libraries
  • Suffolk neighborhoods and suburbs

Sign up now for our one-on-one private Biology I tutoring in Suffolk, NY


Suffolk, NY Tutoring FAQ

What subjects are available for tutoring in Suffolk, NY?

In Suffolk, NY, students have access to a wide range of tutoring subjects, including mathematics, science, English, history, and foreign languages. Organizations like FrogTutoring offer personalized tutoring services in these subjects to meet each student's unique needs and learning objectives.

How can I find a qualified tutor in Suffolk, NY?

To find a qualified tutor in Suffolk, NY, consider using reputable services like FrogTutoring. They pre-screen their tutors for academic excellence and teaching ability, ensuring that you're matched with professionals who are well-versed in their subject areas and possess the skills to teach effectively.

What is the average cost of tutoring services in Suffolk, NY?

The average cost of tutoring services in Suffolk, NY varies depending on the subject, tutor's qualifications, and the duration of the tutoring sessions. FrogTutoring offers competitive rates and packages tailored to each student's needs, providing cost-effective solutions for quality educational support.

Are there any online tutoring options available in Suffolk, NY?

Yes, online tutoring options are available in Suffolk, NY. FrogTutoring provides convenient online tutoring services, allowing students to connect with expert tutors remotely via a virtual learning platform equipped with interactive tools and resources for an effective learning experience.

How do I choose the right tutor for my child in Suffolk, NY?

To choose the right tutor for your child in Suffolk, NY, consider your child's learning style, the tutor's expertise in the subject area, and their teaching approach. FrogTutoring offers a personalized matchmaking process, selecting tutors who best fit your child's academic requirements and personality for optimal learning outcomes.

Biology I FAQ

What are the fundamental topics covered in Biology I tutoring?

Biology I tutoring typically covers fundamental topics such as cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and the classification of living organisms. Tutors may also introduce basic biochemistry, plant and animal physiology, as well as an overview of the various kingdoms of life.

How can Biology I tutoring help improve my understanding of the subject?

Biology I tutoring can enhance understanding by providing personalized explanations, addressing individual learning gaps, offering hands-on activities for complex concepts, and preparing customized study materials and practice tests. Tutors can adapt to different learning styles to ensure comprehension.

What are common strategies used in Biology I tutoring to help with memorization?

Effective strategies for memorization in Biology I include the use of mnemonic devices, flashcards, concept maps, and repetition through quizzes. Tutors often encourage active learning by teaching how to summarize key points and creating engaging activities that reinforce the material being studied.

Can Biology I tutoring support preparation for standardized tests?

Yes, Biology I tutoring can significantly support standardized test preparation. Tutors can focus on test-taking strategies, familiarize students with the test format, cover relevant content areas, and provide practice questions to build confidence and improve performance on exams.

How often should I meet with a Biology I tutor for the best results?

The frequency of meetings with a Biology I tutor depends on individual goals and needs. For best results, most students meet with their tutor 1-2 times per week. Consistent sessions help maintain momentum and provide regular support for mastering the subject matter.

Common Questions on Biology I Tutors

What qualifications do Biology I tutors from FrogTutoring have?

Biology I tutors at FrogTutoring are carefully selected based on their deep knowledge of biological sciences and their ability to relate concepts in engaging and understandable ways. They typically hold degrees in biology or related fields, have passed rigorous subject tests, and possess a genuine passion for teaching. To ensure the best academic support for students, our tutors also undergo background checks and are evaluated for their teaching skills. Ready to excel in biology? Click on the link to request a tutor and get started! Request a tutor.

How does FrogTutoring match students with a Biology I tutor?

FrogTutoring matches students with the ideal Biology I tutor by evaluating the student's academic needs, learning style, and personality. This personalized approach ensures a compatible and effective tutoring relationship. Our tailored matching process is designed to help students achieve their academic goals with the guidance of an expert tutor. Find your perfect Biology I tutor today! Learn more about our services.

Can FrogTutoring help with preparing for biology exams?

Absolutely! FrogTutoring specializes in helping students prepare for biology exams. Our tutors design customized study plans to reinforce subject mastery, teach test-taking strategies, and build confidence. Whether it's a high school biology test or a college-level exam, our tutors are equipped to assist students in achieving higher scores. Boost your exam readiness now! Request a tutor.

What topics in Biology I can tutors from FrogTutoring help with?

FrogTutoring's Biology I tutors cover a comprehensive range of topics, including cell biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, and anatomy. They are adept at breaking down complex processes and concepts to facilitate understanding and retention. No matter the topic, our tutors can provide the guidance needed to master Biology I. Get help with your biology topics today! Learn more about our services.

Does FrogTutoring offer online Biology I tutoring sessions?

Yes, FrogTutoring provides online Biology I tutoring sessions, offering flexibility and convenience for students. Using the latest interactive platforms, students can learn from anywhere at any time. Our online sessions are live, personalized, and as effective as in-person tutoring. Enhance your understanding of biology from the comfort of your home! Request a tutor.

Suffolk, NY Neighborhoods We Service

Suffolk County, located in the eastern part of Long Island in New York State, is a diverse region featuring both bustling suburban neighborhoods and tranquil rural areas. From the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to the quieter inland communities, Suffolk is dotted with unique and varied neighborhoods, each with its own character and amenities.

Starting on the North Shore, which is known for its affluence, natural beauty, and history, one can explore neighborhoods such as Stony Brook, known for its prestigious university and charming village center. Nearby, the village of Port Jefferson brims with maritime history, offering a thriving downtown and ferry connections to Connecticut.

Further east on the North Shore is the town of Smithtown, inhabited by numerous hamlets and villages such as Kings Park, with its close-knit community and scenic parks. Commack is another residential neighborhood, boasting an array of shopping and dining options, along with family-friendly parks and recreational facilities.

In the northeast, the North Fork comprises neighborhoods like Mattituck, Southold, and Greenport, which is renowned for its vineyards, farmland, and boating culture, providing a more laid-back atmosphere compared to the busier South Fork.

On the South Shore, neighborhoods often boast a nautical vibe given their proximity to the Great South Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Babylon is a popular area that features a historic downtown along with the scenic Argyle Lake. Moving east, neighborhoods such as Bay Shore and Islip offer residents waterfront activities, bustling main streets, and a sense of community.

Further east still, the South Fork is home to the Hamptons, a collection of exclusive neighborhoods like Southampton, East Hampton, and Amagansett—synonymous with luxury, pristine beaches, and high-profile residents. Similarly, Montauk sits at the very tip of Long Island, known for its lighthouse, surf culture, and as a summer getaway spot.

Central Suffolk County is characterized by more recently developed areas and is also where one would find the county seat, Riverhead. This neighborhood acts as a gateway to both forks and offers a mix of retail, agriculture, and entertainment options.

Patchogue, a revitalized and trendy South Shore community, has morphed into a cultural hub with its live music venues, unique eateries, and waterfront dining.

On the western end of Suffolk, neighborhoods such as Brentwood and Central Islip reflect a more suburban feel while being home to a diverse population, providing a variety of cultural experiences through food, events, and community gathering spots.

Not to be overlooked are the numerous smaller hamlets and villages interwoven throughout the county, such as Sachem, St. James, Lake Ronkonkoma, Holbrook, Lindenhurst, Sayville, and Oakdale, each contributing to the rich tapestry that forms this part of Long Island.

Each neighborhood in Suffolk County has its own flavor and offerings—whether it's a beachfront locale, a bustling downtown area, suburban comfort, or sprawling vineyards. As a county that continues to attract a wide array of residents and visitors, Suffolk's neighborhoods certainly cater to an assortment of preferences and lifestyles, making it a place many are proud to call home.

About Suffolk, NY And It’s Education Institutions

Suffolk County, located on the eastern part of Long Island in the state of New York, is home to a diverse array of landmarks highlighting its rich history and natural beauty. The Montauk Lighthouse, commissioned by George Washington and completed in 1796, stands as the oldest lighthouse in New York State and offers breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean. The Vanderbilt Museum and Planetarium in Centerport offers a glimpse into the life of the affluent Vanderbilt family, along with educational exhibits and a state-of-the-art planetarium. Additionally, Fire Island, with its pristine beaches and historic communities, is a top destination for tourists and locals alike. Suffolk County's picturesque landscape, including its scenic parks and beaches, is fundamental to its charm and a cornerstone of the local identity.

Education in Suffolk County is multifaceted, with numerous institutions catering to the varied educational needs of its residents. The Brentwood Union Free School District, Longwood Central School District, and Commack Union Free School District are among the highest-regarded public school systems in the region, known for their academic excellence and extracurricular programs. For those seeking private education, the Saint Anthony’s High School and Our Lady of Mercy Academy are notable for their rigorous curricula and commitment to fostering individual growth. The Western Suffolk BOCES provides students with vocational training and educational services, enhancing the spectrum of educational resources in Suffolk. The foundation of Suffolk's educational framework is its dedication to providing comprehensive learning opportunities that prepare students for higher education and the workforce.

Suffolk County was founded in 1683 and has since grown into a populous and dynamic region, with a current population of approximately 1.5 million residents. The area's growth and development are supported by the Suffolk County School Districts, each serving the educational needs of different communities within the county. Higher education is well represented through institutions such as Stony Brook University, a nationally ranked public research university, and Suffolk County Community College, which provides a range of associate degrees and certification programs. Suffolk's blend of historical landmarks, robust educational systems, and diverse neighborhoods makes it a unique and important part of New York's landscape. Whether delving into its storied past or looking towards a future of educational excellence, Suffolk County continues to be an integral and evolving part of the fabric of New York State.

Students at These Suffolk, NY Schools Excel with Our Tutoring

Our tutoring services have proudly supported a diverse student body across Suffolk County, New York. The following schools represent just a sample of the many institutions whose students have benefited from our personalized and effective tutoring programs. This list, featuring both public and private schools, is by no means exhaustive but rather showcases the varied educational environments we cater to. We are committed to enhancing the learning experience for students across the region through our dedicated support.

Commack High School – A highly-rated public high school known for its strong academic programs.

Ward Melville High School – Another top public high school in Suffolk County, renowned for its commitment to excellence.

Smithtown High School East – This public high school boasts a variety of advanced placement courses and extracurricular activities.

Harborfields High School – Known for its robust academic programs and community involvement, this public high school is well-regarded.

West Islip Senior High School – Offers a comprehensive educational experience to its public high school students.

Sachem High School North – Part of the Sachem Central School District, this public high school has a strong presence in the community.

St. John the Baptist Diocesan High School – A private, Roman Catholic high school that emphasizes both spiritual and academic growth.

Half Hollow Hills High School East – This public high school is noted for its excellent educational programs and achievements.

Bayport-Blue Point High School – A well-rounded public high school offering a variety of programs for students.

The Stony Brook School – An independent, college-preparatory private school known for its rigorous academics.

Islip High School – A public high school that provides a broad array of opportunities for student growth and development.

Smithtown High School West – Committed to excellence, this public high school has a range of academic programs.

Eastport-South Manor Junior-Senior High School – A public school that serves both middle and high school grade levels with strong community ties.

Kings Park High School – Provides its students with a solid educational foundation in a public high school setting.

Brentwood High School – One of the largest public high schools in the state, offering a comprehensive education.

Sayville High School – A public high school recognized for its academic excellence and extracurricular programs.

Our Lady of Mercy Academy – A private, all-girls Catholic college preparatory high school focused on leadership and service.

Huntington High School – This public high school prides itself on a tradition of strong academic and extracurricular endeavors.

Westhampton Beach Senior High School – Known for its outstanding public school education and community involvement.

Longwood High School – A public high school that offers a variety of programs to meet the needs of its diverse student population.

Please note that the list above includes hyperlinks to the respective schools' official websites for more detailed information about their programs, achievements, and admissions process.

About Biology I & Biology I Tutoring

Biology I is an introductory course to the vast and complex field of biological sciences. It serves as the foundation for understanding the fundamental concepts of life and living organisms. This course typically covers basic topics such as cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and an overview of the diversity of life, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Type of Biology I Biology I is usually a high school or entry-level college course that sets the stage for more specialized courses in biology, such as microbiology, botany, zoology, biochemistry, and genetics.

Related Entities to Biology I Biology I is connected to various domains within and outside of science. Chemistry, for example, is integral in understanding biochemical processes. Physics plays a role in understanding biomechanics and statistical methods in ecology and genetics. Earth science connects with Biology I through topics like biogeography and ecosystem dynamics.

The best strategy for tutoring Biology I To tutor Biology I effectively to someone struggling with the subject:

  1. Assess their learning style (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) and adapt the teaching method accordingly.
  2. Break down complex concepts into smaller, more manageable portions.
  3. Use real-life examples and applications to make the abstract content relatable.
  4. Encourage active learning through questioning and problem-solving activities.
  5. Provide plenty of visual aids like diagrams, charts, and videos.
  6. Facilitate hands-on experiences like simple experiments or observations of live organisms, when possible.
  7. Review and reinforce core concepts regularly while building on prior knowledge.
  8. Foster a positive learning environment where mistakes are seen as learning opportunities.

Most common concepts in Biology I

  • Cell Theory: All living organisms are composed of cells, the basic unit of life.
  • Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: How organisms transform energy to sustain life.
  • Genetics: Principles of heredity and the function of DNA.
  • Evolution: The process of natural selection leading to the adaptation and speciation of organisms.
  • Ecology: Interactions among organisms and their environments.

Most difficult concepts in Biology I

  • Molecular Genetics: Understanding DNA replication, transcription, and translation can be complex for beginners due to the intricate processes involved.
  • Energy Transfer in Ecosystems: Grasping how energy is transferred and transformed in ecological food webs and ecosystems can be challenging.
  • Homeostasis: The concept of physiological balance in living organisms, involving feedback loops and regulatory mechanisms, often requires deeper analytical thinking.
  • Evolutionary Mechanisms: Concepts like genetic drift, gene flow, and the Hardy-Weinberg principle can be abstract and require a good grasp of probability and statistic concepts.