Request Tutoring Info
Please enter name
Please enter email
Please enter phone
Please enter details
TIBURON Ear Training tutors

Book Top-Rated Ear Training Tutors Near Me In TIBURON, CA

Our TIBURON Ear Training tutors are top college students and graduates from local area universities. They have an average GPA of 3.5 or higher in their areas of tutoring specialization. At Frog Tutoring, we work with students in all grade levels and our TIBURON private Ear Training tutors provide customized one on one in-home tutoring through our proven three step approach to academic success.

1.Bring student up to speed by reviewing past work to ensure they are not missing any important concepts that might affect their abilities to learn future lessons. 2. Keep student ahead of the class by using the teachers lesson plan, textbook, and online curriculum to cover lessons before it is taught in class. 2. Reinforce key concepts they might have missed. This ensures they will never be behind again. Your tutor will also help with organization, study skills, and note taking strategies.
Your TIBURON area Ear Training tutor will also track student progress through detailed session reports which will be available to you at the end of each tutoring session. If it is okay with you, your tutor will contact your child's teacher, for K-12, to get a more detailed understanding of what they are struggling with and also to make sure that he/she and the teacher are both on the same page in their approach to tackling the problem.

Browse our list of qualified Ear Training tutors below. If you are in need of an Ear Training tutor in TIBURON, please call us or simply go to the tab above and Request a Tutor and let us help provide the understanding and assistance needed for success.

Read more... Read less
cnn cbs boston miami fox news

List of High-Achieving Ear Training Tutors Near Me In TIBURON, CA For In-Person & Online Tutoring


How it works

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Request any tutor by submitting a form

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Speak with our enrollment advisor to get your questions answered

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Get connected with your private in-person or online tutor

Our Students and Parents Love Us
as Much as We Love Them

">
PH
Knowledge
Presentation

An excellent tutor and a kind individual who is dedicated to helping you understand any challenging material!

">
AP
Knowledge
Presentation

Dr. Jide is incredible! He has worked with my daughter for several weeks helping her prepare for the ACT. He is very knowledgeable and explains the math concepts very well. My daughter's confidence has definitely increased. We are appreciative of his kindness and support.

">
KM
Knowledge
Presentation

Would recommend to anyone. Not only has she helped out with my classes but is also very knowledgeable about the ARRT. Flexible and helpful in many ways. Great tutor/instructor/person. I feel extremely confident on passing the ARRT with her as a tutor.

">
DM
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}she was very knowledgeable and patient with my daughter

">
JN
Knowledge
Presentation

Robert has been excellent and extremely helpful to my son. He is also flexible and has been willing to meet with my son prior to his exams for tutoring. MY son started the semester with a D and has increased his to a B. Thank you Robert!

">
TA
Knowledge
Presentation

Alex has thoroughly enjoyed the sessions and found them to be very helpful. I am really happy with the feedback and the communication. Wouldn't hesitate to recommend.

">
JY
Knowledge
Presentation

Rosemary was super helpful going over some of the concepts that were tricky, and helped explain the content well.

">
HM
Knowledge
Presentation

Super helpful and willing to adjust to my learning habits. I really enjoy our time working together as the preparation from her end is very noticeable and appreciated.

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Great tutoring session!

">
JC
Knowledge
Presentation

Sarah is our 5th tutor we have used on Frog tutoring. In just one short month of tutoring my child with ADHD, she has improved his math grade from a C to an A-!! We are so happy for the progress our child has made with Sarah’s help, and we will definitely continue to use her as our child’s...

">
JL
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}The sessions are going well and I am understanding the material . The information is clear , which I love.

">
RG
Knowledge
Presentation

Overall, AJ was absolutely amazing. I didn’t understand almost anything in physics and he made it seem like elementary grade stuff, overall was amazing and I will miss him

">
KB
Knowledge
Presentation

Ali is an amazing tutor always willing to help me on my school assignments and is a very down-to-earth person.

">
JD
Knowledge
Presentation

good tutor

">
KB
Knowledge
Presentation

Looking forward to meeting you.

">
AN
Knowledge
Presentation

Joyce has been great in helping me review topics for the NCLEX

">
SM
Knowledge
Presentation

Ryan in very knowledgeable on the topics I was needing help with. He is professional and works around your schedule. The best tutor I have had on frog tutoring.

">
RW
Knowledge
Presentation

Good tutor

">
RW
Knowledge
Presentation

Never partnered so unable to rate accurately but frog tutors are great so why not give a 5

">
OS
Knowledge
Presentation

patient and knowledgeable

">
Dm
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Hayeon Lee is fantastic !
Very knowledgeable and wonderful to work with.
She is kind and is very easy to learn from.
Thank you for finding her.
We have another session Tuesday but I have to reschedule
Perhaps Wednesday?

">
DY
Knowledge
Presentation

Very encouraging and funny. He makes learning fun and teaches in a very simple, easy way to understand.

">
MP
Knowledge
Presentation

Pamela is wonderful! She's the perfect fit for my son! She's very engaging and makes tutoring fun for him

">
HB
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}
Vince is very happy with this tutor.

">
RF
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Jaelynn Cafourek's accomplished computer skills and college training make her a very valuable asset to those who need a professional with their studies.I highly recommend her and her excellent attitude, and clear ability to connect with others and their specific learning...

">
JS
Knowledge
Presentation

Carolle is an excellent tutor. She explains things well, sends me frequent reminders of what I learned during the week, and is altogether a pleasure

">
DR
Knowledge
Presentation

Jeff was extremely knowledgeable and helpful. Deep industry knowledge in running in investment firm and very solid resource. Thank you!

">
MV
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}
Joyce is very knowledgeable and helpful.

">
TS
Knowledge
Presentation

A very smart individual, has great knowledge to cover the stuff needed based off your preference.

">
RF
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Craig has been a big help with helping me learn how to use the internet, navigate a job search and I have learned quite a bit in a shot time.

">
DY
Knowledge
Presentation

Makes learing fun!

">
OT
Knowledge
Presentation

Matthew and I concentrated on financial statements in my CFA Level 1 curriculum. He was extremely knowledgeable and, with his own industry experience, he was very effective at providing real-life examples that made it easier to understand the concepts.

">
Ma
Knowledge
Presentation

He is a great tutor. He knows the topics very well and explains them easily. My only complaint is that his handwriting is somewhat messy. All in all, he is a great SAT tutor for English and math.

">
MB
Knowledge
Presentation

Awesome! he and my son work great together! My Son won't work with anyone else.

">
IB
Knowledge
Presentation

Gurleen is AMAZING!!!!!! She is the best tutor you will find on here. She is very knowledgeable on chemistry and will help you work through so many problems despite them being very challenging. Gurleen helps with retaining the knowledge and provides notes and practice problems as well. if you need...

">
RH
Knowledge
Presentation

Dana is very knwoedgable, especially with anatomy. I was a earning around an 80-84 percent(C) in my medical program exams. With Dana's assistance and vast knowledge in this subject I have passed a written exam AND a practical with a 92(A)!!! Dana positively encourages/challenges her students...

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Sunita Woodcheke has not only demonstrated an extraordinary commitment to my child's academic progress but has also exhibited remarkable patience, enthusiasm, and expertise in their teaching approach. Through personalized lessons and tailored guidance Sunita has fostered a supportive learning...

">
SM
Knowledge
Presentation

Kevin is knowledgeable about math, and he knows how to teach. I’m very rusty on my skills, but he’s been nothing but patient with me. He absorbs my weaknesses and focuses on what I need help with. I appreciate all he’s done so far.

">
TG
Knowledge
Presentation

McKenna has done a great job of working with my daughter on geometry.

">
TM
Knowledge
Presentation

school rating and grades improved.

">
NC
Knowledge
Presentation

I am so happy with this tutoring, my son is engaged all the time. He loves to work in the computer and the activities that they do during the tutoring. She used many different way and form in order to keep him engaged.

">
EC
Knowledge
Presentation

Annie is great!!!!

">
EC
Knowledge
Presentation

Madi is fantastic!!

">
NT
Knowledge
Presentation

I don't sit next to my 9yo during sessions, and this is the first time I ever used a tutor. I can tell you that using a tutor eliminates all the fighting and whining from my kid about doing homework which makes me very happy. They get a lot done during an hour. The tutor is focused, prepared,...

">
PM
Knowledge
Presentation

Fabulous. Olivia is engaging, knowledgeable, and a delight to work with. Highly recommend. Always punctual. Always reliable. Always helpful. Competent with both homework help and direct instruction.

">
CH
Knowledge
Presentation

Extremely knowledgeable and gave direct examples of certain concepts I had trouble with. He also helped assess some of the specific terminology that I need to look for on the exam.

">
TG
Knowledge
Presentation

Chigbo explains concepts in a way that makes it easy to understand. My daughter's understanding and confidence had a real boost in just two days.

">
JE
Knowledge
Presentation

Matthew was very knowledgable in the CFP topics and is very flexible with his ability to review materials and go through the questioning.

">
KK
Knowledge
Presentation

Ivan is absolutely amazing with his knowledge, He is my tutor for college level pre-calculus and I can confidently say that I would not be able to get through my class without ivans help with the class material. He has great patience and will explain and walk you through each problem until you need...

">
AC
Knowledge
Presentation

Very encouraging and goes at a good pace which has been immensely beneficial. Very punctual, there's never been any issues with scheduling. Overall, I have been enjoying my sessions and I look forward to more as he helps me prepare for my ACT.

Qualification and Certification of Ear Training Tutors Near Me In TIBURON, CA


  • Undergraduate
  • Bachelor degree holders
  • Master degree holders
  • Ph.D. holders
  • Teaching Certification
  • Professional Certificate
  • Background checks
  • Tutoring experience
  • Continuous education
  • FrogTutoring verification certification

TIBURON, CA Ear Training Tutoring Rates


  • Price range from $37/hr - $65/hr
  • Rates vary based on the type of tutoring, methods used, and the number of hours required.
  • Contact our enrollment team to receive your personalized rate.

Tutoring Methods of Our Private Tutors In TIBURON, CA


  • In-person/in-home tutoring
  • Online tutoring
  • One-on-one tutoring
  • Group lessons tutoring.

Tools We Use For Online Ear Training Tutoring


  • Zoom
  • FrogTutoring custom online tutoring platform
  • The Lesson space

Our Ear Training Clientele In TIBURON, CA


  • High school students
  • Middle school students
  • College students
  • Adults
  • Special needs students

Tutoring Locations For Ear Training In TIBURON, CA


  • Student homes
  • Public Libraries
  • TIBURON neighborhoods and suburbs

Sign up now for our one-on-one private Ear Training tutoring in TIBURON, CA


TIBURON, CA Tutoring FAQ

What are the best tutoring services available in Tiburon, CA?

Among the top tutoring services in Tiburon, CA is FrogTutoring. This service provides personalized, one-on-one sessions with qualified tutors who specialize in various subjects and cater to different grade levels, ensuring that each student's individual learning needs are addressed.

How do I find a qualified tutor in Tiburon, CA for my child?

Finding a qualified tutor in Tiburon, CA can be efficiently handled by contacting FrogTutoring. They offer a platform where you can find tutors based on subject expertise and compatibility with your child's learning style. Tutors are rigorously vetted to ensure quality and effectiveness.

Are there any personalized tutoring programs in Tiburon, CA for SAT prep?

Yes, FrogTutoring offers personalized tutoring programs in Tiburon, CA, specifically designed for SAT preparation. These programs focus on the student's strengths and weaknesses, providing tailored strategies and practice to boost confidence and improve test scores.

What subjects can I get tutoring for in Tiburon, CA?

In Tiburon, CA, you can receive tutoring for a wide range of subjects through FrogTutoring, including math, science, English, foreign languages, and more. They cater to all academic levels, from elementary school to college and beyond.

How much does tutoring cost in Tiburon, CA?

The cost of tutoring in Tiburon, CA can vary depending on the subject, tutor's qualifications, and the frequency of sessions. FrogTutoring offers competitive pricing and flexible plans to fit different budgets and needs, making quality tutoring accessible to more families in the area.

Ear Training FAQ

What is ear training in music?

Ear training, also known as aural skills, is the process by which musicians learn to identify pitches, intervals, melody, chords, rhythms, and other basic elements of music purely by ear. It helps improve one's ability to hear and comprehend music without having to rely on written scores, fostering a more intuitive and internalized understanding of music.

How often should you practice ear training?

Consistency is key in ear training. Ideally, you should practice for at least 10 to 15 minutes daily. Regular short sessions are more effective than sporadic longer ones as they help build and maintain the neural connections involved in auditory recognition and memory.

Can ear training improve my singing?

Yes, ear training can significantly improve your singing. It enhances your ability to accurately hear pitches and intervals, which in turn helps you to sing in tune and harmonize with other musicians. It also develops your musical memory and sight-singing skills, allowing you to learn and perform new music more quickly and confidently.

Are there any apps for ear training?

Numerous apps are available for ear training, catering to various levels and aspects of aural skills. Some popular options include 'Functional Ear Trainer', 'Tenuto', 'EarMaster', 'MyEarTraining', and 'TonedEar'. These apps offer exercises on interval recognition, chord identification, rhythm training, and more.

What are the benefits of ear training for instrumentalists?

Ear training offers instrumentalists numerous benefits, including the ability to play by ear, improvise more effectively, transcribe music without written notation, tune their instrument with greater accuracy, and communicate more efficiently with other musicians. It helps build a deeper musical understanding that goes beyond technical proficiency.

Common Questions on Ear Training Tutors

What skills can I expect to improve with ear training tutors?

With ear training tutors, you can expect to improve skills such as pitch recognition, interval identification, chord identification, rhythm and tempo accuracy, and musical memory. Ear training can also enhance your ability to transcribe music by ear, improve your improvisational abilities, and help you better understand and internalize music theory. To take your musical hearing to the next level, click on this link to request a tutor or learn more about our services. Request a Tutor

How do I know if I need an ear training tutor?

You might need an ear training tutor if you struggle to identify notes, chords, or rhythms by ear, if you find it challenging to stay in tune when singing or playing an instrument, or if you are a music student looking to pass aural skill exams. Ear training tutors can also benefit composers, songwriters, and producers who want to enhance their listening skills for better musical creation. Ready to improve your aural skills? Click on this link to request a tutor or learn more about our services. Learn More

How often should I meet with my ear training tutor?

The frequency of meetings with your ear training tutor depends on your personal goals and current skill level. Most students find that weekly or bi-weekly sessions create a good balance between practice time and instruction. Your tutor can help you create a personalized plan tailored to your needs. Want to establish a regular ear training routine? Click on this link to request a tutor or learn more about our services. Request a Tutor

Are there online ear training tutors available?

Yes, there are online ear training tutors available who can offer flexible scheduling and the convenience of learning from home. Online tutoring can be just as effective as in-person sessions due to interactive software and a variety of digital resources used during lessons. Are you looking for a convenient way to improve your ear training skills? Click on this link to request a tutor or learn more about our services. Find an Online Tutor

What age groups benefit from ear training tutoring?

Ear training tutoring is beneficial for learners of all ages, from young children to adults. Whether you're a beginner who wants to develop a strong musical foundation or a professional seeking to refine your skills, an ear training tutor can be tailored to your age group and experience level. Ready to enhance your listening skills at any age? Click on this link to request a tutor or learn more about our services. Get Started

TIBURON, CA Neighborhoods We Service

Nestled at the southern tip of Marin County, Tiburon, California, is a scenic peninsula that offers stunning views of the San Francisco Bay. Known for its affluent community, charming downtown, and serene waterfront, Tiburon is also distinguished by its unique neighborhoods, each with its own character and appeal.

One of the most prestigious neighborhoods in Tiburon is Belvedere Island. Connected to Tiburon by a narrow isthmus, Belvedere is known for its luxurious waterfront homes and spectacular vistas of the Bay and the San Francisco skyline. It is a place of exclusivity and privacy, making it one of the most sought-after areas in Marin County.

Adjacent to Belvedere Island is the Corinthian Island, which, although smaller, also features beautiful homes and provides a more intimate community atmosphere. The Corinthian Yacht Club is a landmark here, adding to the nautical charm of the area.

In the heart of Tiburon is the Lyford's Stone, also known as Tiburon's Old Town, where historic homes add to the picturesque beauty of the region. This area includes Main Street, which is lined with boutiques, cafes, and restaurants, leading up to the Tiburon ferry terminal.

Just to the west of Old Town is the Reedlands, a sweeping area known for its more contemporary homes, spacious properties, and its proximity to outdoor activities such as hiking and biking trails. Many homes in this neighborhood boast commanding views of Mount Tamalpais and the surrounding landscapes.

Another notable neighborhood is Paradise Cay, a waterfront community built on a reclaimed marshland that features a series of navigable lagoons. It's a boater's dream, with many homes having their own docks.

Then there's the Hill Haven neighborhood, located nestled in the hills, offering residents privacy and seclusion along with stunning views of the bay.

Mar East is situated on the eastern side of the peninsula and tends to attract those searching for a serene coastal lifestyle. It features many paths leading to waterfront vistas and is known for its lush landscapes.

Del Mar and the Tiburon Peninsula Club are also notable neighborhoods, with the latter offering its residents access to a country club lifestyle with premier tennis and swim facilities. Del Mar enjoys proximity to Ring Mountain Open Space Preserve, where residents can enjoy hiking and the natural beauty of the area.

Finally, the Strawberry neighborhood, although technically a part of neighboring Mill Valley, is often associated with Tiburon due to its geographic proximity. Strawberry offers a more suburban feel while providing easy access to Tiburon's amenities and schools.

Tiburon's neighborhoods each contribute to the town's unique charm, boasting a blend of natural beauty, luxurious living, and community-oriented lifestyle. With its magnificent views and high quality of life, Tiburon continues to be one of the most desirable locations to live in the San Francisco Bay Area.

About TIBURON, CA And It’s Education Institutions

Tiburon, California, located in Marin County, boasts a picturesque landscape and is brimming with historical landmarks and a rich heritage. Once a hub for railroad and ferry transportation, it has transformed into an affluent residential community. One of the town’s most notable landmarks is the Tiburon Railroad & Ferry Depot Museum, reflecting its past as a terminal for the San Francisco to Marin County ferry. Another treasured landmark is the Old St. Hilary’s historic church, which has stood since 1888 and now serves as a wildflower preserve, offering stunning views of the Bay and San Francisco skyline. Angel Island, often referred to as the "Ellis Island of the West," is a short boat ride away and is part of Tiburon’s historical tapestry, reflecting its role in California’s immigration history.

In terms of education, Tiburon is known for its excellent schools and robust educational resources. The Reed Union School District serves the area with top-ranked public K-12 schools such as Reed Elementary, Bel Aire Elementary, and Del Mar Middle School. The commitment to quality education is evidenced by high student achievement and a focus on comprehensive curriculums that include rigorous academic standards as well as arts and technology. For those seeking private education, Saint Hilary School is one of the highly respected private institutions in the area. The town offers various educational resources, including a public library that provides programs and activities aimed at enriching student learning and literacy.

Tiburon, founded in the late 19th century, was incorporated as a town in 1964 and is currently home to a population of around 9,200 residents according to recent estimates. Although Tiburon does not host a university within its town limits, its proximity to San Francisco and other Bay Area cities allows residents easy access to numerous higher education institutions, including the prestigious University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and Stanford University. The community is well catered for by the Reed Union School District (RUSD), which oversees the quality of education from elementary to middle school. With its excellent public and private schools, supportive community resources, and a rich historical legacy, Tiburon continues to be a desirable place to live for those prioritizing education, community, and quality of life.

Students at These TIBURON, CA Schools Excel with Our Tutoring

Please note that Tiburon, California, is a small town, and may not have as many as 20 top schools within its limits, particularly when considering both public and private options. However, I can offer you a brief intro paragraph and a list of a few educational institutions in and around the Tiburon area where students have benefited from tutoring:

Intro Paragraph: Over the years, a diverse range of students from schools in Tiburon, CA, have greatly benefited from our personalized tutoring services. While Tiburon is a smaller community, it boasts a number of exemplary educational institutions where our tailored learning strategies have been especially impactful. This list comprises a sample of both private and public schools in the Tiburon area whose students have enhanced their academic performance through our support. It is important to note that the following list is not exhaustive; it merely highlights a selection of schools within and near the Tiburon community.

Schools in and near Tiburon, CA:

Reed Elementary School - Reed Elementary offers a strong educational foundation for young learners and is part of the Reed Union School District, serving students in grades K-2.

Bel Aire Elementary School - Catering to students in grades 3-5, Bel Aire Elementary focuses on fostering a collaborative environment for its children.

Del Mar Middle School - This middle school serves students in grades 6-8, providing a variety of programs that contribute to the well-rounded development of its adolescent learners.

Redwood High School - Located nearby in Larkspur, Redwood High School is known for its strong academics and extracurricular programs, serving the larger area which includes students from Tiburon.

Saint Hilary School - A private Roman Catholic school in Tiburon that offers education from TK through grade 8, St. Hilary’s emphasizes faith-based learning alongside strong academic standards.

Marin Country Day School - Though not in Tiburon itself, Marin Country Day School is a private K-8 school in nearby Corte Madera, dedicated to providing a comprehensive education that encourages creativity and critical thinking.

Tamalpais High School - Serving the larger Marin County area, Tam High is known for its rigorous curriculum and diverse student body.

Lycee Francais de San Francisco - This French international school also serves families in the Marin area and is located in Corte Madera, providing a bilingual education that follows the French national curriculum.

Please remember this sample includes schools in Tiburon and the immediate surrounding area due to the limited number of educational institutions within the town itself. Parents and students are encouraged to conduct further research to explore the full range of schooling options available in and around Tiburon, CA.

About Ear Training & Ear Training Tutoring

Ear Training refers to the process of developing the ability to recognize and understand various elements of music purely by hearing. This skill is fundamental to musicians, enabling them to identify pitch, harmony, rhythm, and other musical components without relying on visual aids like sheet music.

The practice of Ear Training involves various exercises designed to refine auditory perception and musical understanding. Through consistent and targeted training, musicians learn to distinguish between different pitches (also known as relative pitch) and may even develop perfect pitch—the ability to identify or recreate a note without any reference point.

There are several types of Ear Training, each focused on different aspects of musicianship. Some common areas include:

  1. Interval Recognition - Identifying the distance between two pitches.
  2. Chord Recognition - Recognizing chord types, qualities (major, minor, diminished), and inversions.
  3. Rhythmic Training - Understanding and interpreting different rhythmic patterns and time signatures.
  4. Melodic Dictation - Transcribing melodies after listening to them.
  5. Harmonic Dictation - Transcribing chord progressions and harmony.
  6. Sight-Singing - Reading and vocalizing music at first sight, connecting visual notation and the auditory result.
  7. Aural Analysis - Understanding the structure and form of a piece of music through listening.

Ear Training is not an isolated skill; it's related to other musical disciplines such as music theory, performance, and composition. These entities often intertwine and inform one another, which is why Ear Training is integral to a well-rounded musical education.

Tutoring someone who struggles with Ear Training requires a patient, systematic approach tailored to their individual needs. The following strategy can enhance the learning experience:

  1. Start Simple - Begin with basic exercises, such as identifying simple intervals or rhythms, and progressively increase complexity.
  2. Active Listening - Encourage focused listening sessions where the student describes and analyzes the music they hear.
  3. Repetition - Regular practice of Ear Training exercises ensures the gradual improvement of aural skills.
  4. Use Technology - Apps and software programs can provide interactive and engaging Ear Training exercises with immediate feedback.
  5. Make it Musical - Relate exercises to real music. This contextual learning can enhance retention and understanding.
  6. Positive Reinforcement - Celebrate successes to build confidence, however small they may seem.

The most common concepts in Ear Training include recognizing intervals, identifying scales and modes, and discerning rhythm patterns. These foundational skills pave the way for understanding more complex harmonies and advanced listening skills.

Among the more difficult concepts are recognizing non-diatonic chords (chords outside the key), complex polyrhythms, and advanced harmonic functions within a piece of music. It can also be challenging to develop the inner ear required to accurately transcribe music after hearing it or to perform sight-singing with precision.

Ultimately, the key to successful Ear Training is consistent practice, exposure to a wide variety of music, and a willingness to engage with the sounds critically and analytically. With dedication and the right approach, even those who struggle can significantly improve their Ear Training abilities.