Request Tutoring Info
Please enter name
Please enter email
Please enter phone
Please enter details
VIRGINIA GARDENS Video Production tutors

Book Top-Rated Video Production Tutors Near Me In VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL

Our VIRGINIA GARDENS Video Production tutors are top college students and graduates from local area universities. They have an average GPA of 3.5 or higher in their areas of tutoring specialization. At Frog Tutoring, we work with students in all grade levels and our VIRGINIA GARDENS private Video Production tutors provide customized one on one in-home tutoring through our proven three step approach to academic success.

1.Bring student up to speed by reviewing past work to ensure they are not missing any important concepts that might affect their abilities to learn future lessons. 2. Keep student ahead of the class by using the teachers lesson plan, textbook, and online curriculum to cover lessons before it is taught in class. 2. Reinforce key concepts they might have missed. This ensures they will never be behind again. Your tutor will also help with organization, study skills, and note taking strategies.
Your VIRGINIA GARDENS area Video Production tutor will also track student progress through detailed session reports which will be available to you at the end of each tutoring session. If it is okay with you, your tutor will contact your child's teacher, for K-12, to get a more detailed understanding of what they are struggling with and also to make sure that he/she and the teacher are both on the same page in their approach to tackling the problem.

Browse our list of qualified Video Production tutors below. If you are in need of an Video Production tutor in VIRGINIA GARDENS, please call us or simply go to the tab above and Request a Tutor and let us help provide the understanding and assistance needed for success.

Read more... Read less
cnn cbs boston miami fox news

List of High-Achieving Video Production Tutors Near Me In VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL For In-Person & Online Tutoring


How it works

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Request any tutor by submitting a form

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Speak with our enrollment advisor to get your questions answered

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Get connected with your private in-person or online tutor

Our Students and Parents Love Us
as Much as We Love Them

">
TA
Knowledge
Presentation

Alex has thoroughly enjoyed the sessions and found them to be very helpful. I am really happy with the feedback and the communication. Wouldn't hesitate to recommend.

">
JY
Knowledge
Presentation

Rosemary was super helpful going over some of the concepts that were tricky, and helped explain the content well.

">
HM
Knowledge
Presentation

Super helpful and willing to adjust to my learning habits. I really enjoy our time working together as the preparation from her end is very noticeable and appreciated.

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Great tutoring session!

">
JC
Knowledge
Presentation

Sarah is our 5th tutor we have used on Frog tutoring. In just one short month of tutoring my child with ADHD, she has improved his math grade from a C to an A-!! We are so happy for the progress our child has made with Sarah’s help, and we will definitely continue to use her as our child’s...

">
JL
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}The sessions are going well and I am understanding the material . The information is clear , which I love.

">
RG
Knowledge
Presentation

Overall, AJ was absolutely amazing. I didn’t understand almost anything in physics and he made it seem like elementary grade stuff, overall was amazing and I will miss him

">
KB
Knowledge
Presentation

Ali is an amazing tutor always willing to help me on my school assignments and is a very down-to-earth person.

">
JD
Knowledge
Presentation

good tutor

">
KB
Knowledge
Presentation

Looking forward to meeting you.

">
AN
Knowledge
Presentation

Joyce has been great in helping me review topics for the NCLEX

">
SM
Knowledge
Presentation

Ryan in very knowledgeable on the topics I was needing help with. He is professional and works around your schedule. The best tutor I have had on frog tutoring.

">
RW
Knowledge
Presentation

Good tutor

">
RW
Knowledge
Presentation

Never partnered so unable to rate accurately but frog tutors are great so why not give a 5

">
OS
Knowledge
Presentation

patient and knowledgeable

">
Dm
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Hayeon Lee is fantastic !
Very knowledgeable and wonderful to work with.
She is kind and is very easy to learn from.
Thank you for finding her.
We have another session Tuesday but I have to reschedule
Perhaps Wednesday?

">
DY
Knowledge
Presentation

Very encouraging and funny. He makes learning fun and teaches in a very simple, easy way to understand.

">
MP
Knowledge
Presentation

Pamela is wonderful! She's the perfect fit for my son! She's very engaging and makes tutoring fun for him

">
HB
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}
Vince is very happy with this tutor.

">
RF
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Jaelynn Cafourek's accomplished computer skills and college training make her a very valuable asset to those who need a professional with their studies.I highly recommend her and her excellent attitude, and clear ability to connect with others and their specific learning...

">
JS
Knowledge
Presentation

Carolle is an excellent tutor. She explains things well, sends me frequent reminders of what I learned during the week, and is altogether a pleasure

">
DR
Knowledge
Presentation

Jeff was extremely knowledgeable and helpful. Deep industry knowledge in running in investment firm and very solid resource. Thank you!

">
MV
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}
Joyce is very knowledgeable and helpful.

">
TS
Knowledge
Presentation

A very smart individual, has great knowledge to cover the stuff needed based off your preference.

">
RF
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Craig has been a big help with helping me learn how to use the internet, navigate a job search and I have learned quite a bit in a shot time.

">
DY
Knowledge
Presentation

Makes learing fun!

">
OT
Knowledge
Presentation

Matthew and I concentrated on financial statements in my CFA Level 1 curriculum. He was extremely knowledgeable and, with his own industry experience, he was very effective at providing real-life examples that made it easier to understand the concepts.

">
Ma
Knowledge
Presentation

He is a great tutor. He knows the topics very well and explains them easily. My only complaint is that his handwriting is somewhat messy. All in all, he is a great SAT tutor for English and math.

">
MB
Knowledge
Presentation

Awesome! he and my son work great together! My Son won't work with anyone else.

">
IB
Knowledge
Presentation

Gurleen is AMAZING!!!!!! She is the best tutor you will find on here. She is very knowledgeable on chemistry and will help you work through so many problems despite them being very challenging. Gurleen helps with retaining the knowledge and provides notes and practice problems as well. if you need...

">
RH
Knowledge
Presentation

Dana is very knwoedgable, especially with anatomy. I was a earning around an 80-84 percent(C) in my medical program exams. With Dana's assistance and vast knowledge in this subject I have passed a written exam AND a practical with a 92(A)!!! Dana positively encourages/challenges her students...

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Sunita Woodcheke has not only demonstrated an extraordinary commitment to my child's academic progress but has also exhibited remarkable patience, enthusiasm, and expertise in their teaching approach. Through personalized lessons and tailored guidance Sunita has fostered a supportive learning...

">
SM
Knowledge
Presentation

Kevin is knowledgeable about math, and he knows how to teach. I’m very rusty on my skills, but he’s been nothing but patient with me. He absorbs my weaknesses and focuses on what I need help with. I appreciate all he’s done so far.

">
TG
Knowledge
Presentation

McKenna has done a great job of working with my daughter on geometry.

">
TM
Knowledge
Presentation

school rating and grades improved.

">
NC
Knowledge
Presentation

I am so happy with this tutoring, my son is engaged all the time. He loves to work in the computer and the activities that they do during the tutoring. She used many different way and form in order to keep him engaged.

">
EC
Knowledge
Presentation

Annie is great!!!!

">
EC
Knowledge
Presentation

Madi is fantastic!!

">
NT
Knowledge
Presentation

I don't sit next to my 9yo during sessions, and this is the first time I ever used a tutor. I can tell you that using a tutor eliminates all the fighting and whining from my kid about doing homework which makes me very happy. They get a lot done during an hour. The tutor is focused, prepared,...

">
PM
Knowledge
Presentation

Fabulous. Olivia is engaging, knowledgeable, and a delight to work with. Highly recommend. Always punctual. Always reliable. Always helpful. Competent with both homework help and direct instruction.

">
CH
Knowledge
Presentation

Extremely knowledgeable and gave direct examples of certain concepts I had trouble with. He also helped assess some of the specific terminology that I need to look for on the exam.

">
TG
Knowledge
Presentation

Chigbo explains concepts in a way that makes it easy to understand. My daughter's understanding and confidence had a real boost in just two days.

">
JE
Knowledge
Presentation

Matthew was very knowledgable in the CFP topics and is very flexible with his ability to review materials and go through the questioning.

">
KK
Knowledge
Presentation

Ivan is absolutely amazing with his knowledge, He is my tutor for college level pre-calculus and I can confidently say that I would not be able to get through my class without ivans help with the class material. He has great patience and will explain and walk you through each problem until you need...

">
AC
Knowledge
Presentation

Very encouraging and goes at a good pace which has been immensely beneficial. Very punctual, there's never been any issues with scheduling. Overall, I have been enjoying my sessions and I look forward to more as he helps me prepare for my ACT.

">
CP
Knowledge
Presentation

Taitana Has tutored my daughter in math and english, she has my daughter think differently in problem solving and expanded her vocabulary. She never gives you the answer but helps you solve a problem together for my daughter to understand why the problem or word is not correct. Will request her...

">
NB
Knowledge
Presentation

So far so good

">
ER
Knowledge
Presentation

Very encouraging, and I enjoy working with her

">
CO
Knowledge
Presentation

My son has been with Barjeana for a few sessions now and loves her! She is so knowledgeable and patient. Best of all she makes the sessions fun and interactive. He struggles with focus, but she keeps him engaged in the session and on track. He looks forward to his tutoring with Ms. Barjeana. ...

">
IB
Knowledge
Presentation

He was great and very knowledgeable on the subject of chemistry, however there was a language barrier

Qualification and Certification of Video Production Tutors Near Me In VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL


  • Undergraduate
  • Bachelor degree holders
  • Master degree holders
  • Ph.D. holders
  • Teaching Certification
  • Professional Certificate
  • Background checks
  • Tutoring experience
  • Continuous education
  • FrogTutoring verification certification

VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL Video Production Tutoring Rates


  • Price range from $37/hr - $65/hr
  • Rates vary based on the type of tutoring, methods used, and the number of hours required.
  • Contact our enrollment team to receive your personalized rate.

Tutoring Methods of Our Private Tutors In VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL


  • In-person/in-home tutoring
  • Online tutoring
  • One-on-one tutoring
  • Group lessons tutoring.

Tools We Use For Online Video Production Tutoring


  • Zoom
  • FrogTutoring custom online tutoring platform
  • The Lesson space

Our Video Production Clientele In VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL


  • High school students
  • Middle school students
  • College students
  • Adults
  • Special needs students

Tutoring Locations For Video Production In VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL


  • Student homes
  • Public Libraries
  • VIRGINIA GARDENS neighborhoods and suburbs

Sign up now for our one-on-one private Video Production tutoring in VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL


VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL Tutoring FAQ

What are the benefits of private tutoring in Virginia Gardens, FL?

Private tutoring in Virginia Gardens, FL offers personalized learning experiences, one-on-one attention, and tailored teaching methods to accommodate individual student needs and learning styles. Students often experience improved academic performance, enhanced understanding of subjects, and increased confidence in their abilities.

How do I choose the right tutor in Virginia Gardens, FL?

To choose the right tutor in Virginia Gardens, FL, consider the tutor's qualifications, experience, and teaching style. Ensure they specialize in the subject area your child needs help with. FrogTutoring, for example, provides carefully vetted tutors that match students' educational requirements and personality, making sure the pairing is optimal for the student's success.

What subjects are available for tutoring in Virginia Gardens, FL?

Tutoring in Virginia Gardens, FL is available for a wide range of subjects, including math, science, English, foreign languages, and test preparation. FrogTutoring offers assistance across these areas and more, with specialized tutors ready to address specific learning goals and academic standards.

Is online tutoring available in Virginia Gardens, FL?

Yes, online tutoring is available in Virginia Gardens, FL, providing flexible scheduling and learning from the comfort of your home. FrogTutoring offers virtual tutoring sessions with interactive tools and resources that make online learning just as effective as in-person tutoring.

How do I find a specialized tutor for test prep in Virginia Gardens, FL?

To find a specialized tutor for test prep in Virginia Gardens, FL, look for tutoring services that offer dedicated programs for standardized tests like the SAT, ACT, or GRE. FrogTutoring provides experienced tutors who can help create a strategic study plan and focus on test-taking strategies to maximize your chances of success.

Can tutoring help with homework assistance in Virginia Gardens, FL?

Absolutely, tutoring can be very helpful for homework assistance in Virginia Gardens, FL. Tutors provide guidance, clarity, and support on assignments, fostering students' comprehension and problem-solving skills. FrogTutoring offers homework help sessions to keep students on track and elevate their academic performance.

What age groups does tutoring cater to in Virginia Gardens, FL?

Tutoring services in Virginia Gardens, FL cater to all age groups, from elementary school students to high schoolers and beyond. FrogTutoring tailors tutoring sessions to each student's educational level and learning needs, ensuring effective teaching for children, teenagers, and adults alike.

How can I monitor my child's progress with a tutor in Virginia Gardens, FL?

Parents can monitor their child's progress with a tutor in Virginia Gardens, FL by requesting regular updates, progress reports, and participating in periodic meetings with the tutor. FrogTutoring keeps an open line of communication with parents, providing insights into the student's achievements and areas for improvement.

Are there flexible tutoring schedules available in Virginia Gardens, FL?

Yes, there are flexible tutoring schedules available in Virginia Gardens, FL to accommodate busy lifestyles and extracurricular commitments. FrogTutoring works with families to find convenient times for tutoring sessions, ensuring consistent educational support without disrupting other activities.

How much does tutoring cost in Virginia Gardens, FL?

The cost of tutoring in Virginia Gardens, FL varies based on factors such as the subject, tutor's qualifications, and session frequency. FrogTutoring provides competitive rates and various package options to fit different budgets while ensuring high-quality educational support.

Video Production FAQ

What basics should I know before starting video production?

Before starting video production, you should familiarize yourself with key concepts such as storytelling, scriptwriting, shot composition, lighting techniques, camera operation, and post-production processes like editing, color correction, and sound design. Understanding these basics ensures that you can produce high-quality videos that effectively convey your intended message.

What equipment is essential for beginner video producers?

Beginner video producers should start with the essentials: a reliable camera (which can be a DSLR, mirrorless, or a high-quality smartphone), a tripod for stable shots, basic lighting equipment such as softbox or LED panels, a microphone for clear audio recording, and editing software to piece your footage together. As skills improve, additional gear like gimbals for smooth movement and more advanced audio equipment can be integrated.

How can I improve video production quality?

To improve video production quality, focus on refining your technique in areas like lighting, which greatly influences the mood and clarity of your videos; stable and purposeful camera movement; precise audio capture; and meticulous editing. Keeping abreast of new technologies and continual learning through tutorials and practice will also help enhance the quality of your video productions.

Can I learn video production online, and if so, which platforms are recommended?

Yes, you can learn video production online. Recommended platforms include Skillshare, Udemy, and Coursera, which offer a range of courses from basic to advanced levels. Additionally, YouTube is a valuable resource with numerous tutorials and behind-the-scenes content from experienced videographers.

What are the best practices for editing videos effectively?

Effective video editing practices include organizing your footage before starting, making use of editing software shortcuts for efficiency, mastering the basics of cutting and transitions, and understanding the rhythm and pacing of your narrative. It's also important to color correct consistently and mix your audio for clear dialogue and sound effects. Remember, practice is key to developing a smooth editing workflow.

Common Questions on Video Production Tutors

What qualifications do Video Production Tutors at FrogTutoring have?

Video Production Tutors at FrogTutoring are highly qualified professionals with a strong background in video production and multimedia. They possess advanced knowledge in filming, editing, post-production, as well as in software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro, and After Effects. Tutors typically have a combination of formal education, hands-on experience in the field, and a passion for teaching the art of video production. To ensure quality, our tutors undergo a rigorous vetting process.

If you're looking to excel in video production, click here to request a tutor or learn more about our services.

How can I find the right Video Production Tutor for my needs?

Finding the right Video Production Tutor on FrogTutoring is a personalized process that starts with understanding your specific goals, skill level, and preferred learning style. We then match you with tutors who have the expertise to meet your individual needs and help you achieve your objectives in video production. For a bespoke match, click here to learn more and request a tutor tailored to your requirements.

What topics can I learn with a Video Production Tutor from FrogTutoring?

A Video Production Tutor from FrogTutoring can teach a wide array of topics ranging from the basics of camera operation, lighting, and sound to advanced post-production techniques, including editing, color grading, visual effects, and animation. Tutors can also provide guidance on the storytelling and creative aspects of video production. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refine your skills, click here to connect with a tutor and start your learning journey.

Can FrogTutoring Video Production Tutors help with specific projects?

Yes, Video Production Tutors at FrogTutoring can provide targeted help with specific projects. Whether it's a short film, a YouTube video, a school project, or a professional portfolio piece, our tutors can offer expert advice, technical guidance, and constructive feedback to improve your work and enhance your skills. For project-based tutoring, click here to find a tutor that aligns with your project needs.

Are online Video Production Tutoring sessions available at FrogTutoring?

Absolutely! FrogTutoring offers flexible online video production tutoring sessions that allow you to learn from the comfort of your home or any location with an internet connection. Our virtual learning environment is equipped with video conferencing, screen sharing, and other interactive tools to ensure an effective and engaging tutoring experience. Ready to start an online tutoring session? Click here to request an online video production tutor from FrogTutoring.

VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL Neighborhoods We Service

Virginia Gardens, Florida, though one of Miami-Dade County's smaller incorporated entities, is a community brimming with charm and a strong sense of local pride. This village does not have distinct neighborhoods as one would expect in larger cities. Instead, Virginia Gardens is itself a self-contained neighborhood nestled between the bustling Miami urban areas and the tranquility of suburban life.

Established in 1947, the village maintains a distinct character that could be described as a single, cohesive neighborhood. Its tree-lined streets, array of charming single-family homes, and array of meticulously maintained public spaces are a testament to the residents' investment in their community.

The allure of Virginia Gardens lies in its small-town ambiance paired with its proximity to major Miami-Dade County attractors. It enjoys a singular collective identity, and therefore, does not necessitate a division into smaller neighborhoods. Its roughly 0.3 square miles are seamless in their transition from one end of the village to the other, simultaneously offering the connectedness of a close-knit community and a level of intimacy often lost in larger cities.

As there aren't any further subdivisions within Virginia Gardens, the mention of ‘neighborhoods’ in the conventional sense doesn't apply. However, Virginia Gardens does offer its residents various amenities that are typically found within neighborhoods of larger cities. These include recreational facilities, local businesses, and spaces for communal gatherings, which foster the tight community atmosphere.

Residents cherish their local parks such as Virginia Gardens Park, which hosts recreational activities and events. The village also provides easy access to nearby facilities, such as the Miami Springs Golf and Country Club, reflecting the amenity of more traditional neighborhood structures.

In summary, the entire village of Virginia Gardens can be thought of as a singular, unified neighborhood. Its unique identity does not arise from a patchwork of smaller neighborhoods, but rather from the strong sense of community that permeates this enchanting enclave in the heart of the Greater Miami area.

About VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL And It’s Education Institutions

Virginia Gardens, Florida, a charming village nestled in Miami-Dade County, boasts a rich history and a close-knit community ambiance. Founded on July 10, 1947, by a group of horse lovers who wanted a place to ride, Virginia Gardens has grown from its equestrian roots into a quaint, residential area that still hints at its past. Despite its small size, it houses several landmarks that reflect its unique heritage, including its tree-lined streets and meticulously maintained horse paths that are reminiscent of the bygone era. As of my knowledge cutoff in 2023, Virginia Gardens has maintained a steady population, offering residents a serene escape from the bustling city life of nearby Miami.

When it comes to education, Virginia Gardens places a high priority on academic excellence, though the village itself does not have a vast array of educational institutions within its borders. However, the Miami-Dade County Public Schools system serves Virginia Gardens for its public education needs. Students may attend schools such as Miami Springs Senior High School and Miami Springs Middle School, which are located in the neighboring community of Miami Springs. The proximity to Miami also means that residents have access to top-ranked private K-12 schools in the region, such as Riviera Schools and Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart. Additionally, education resources are abundant, with local libraries and community programs frequently available to support students' learning and development.

Despite its small size, Virginia Gardens does not host its own university, but its location provides residents with easy access to the prominent universities in the Greater Miami area, like the University of Miami and Florida International University. The educational framework is complemented by the Village's support for after-school programs and scholarship opportunities for college-bound students. Virginia Gardens might not have a school district of its own, the "ISD" in a traditional sense, but it benefits extensively from the resources and opportunities offered by Miami-Dade County Public Schools. With an ethos that seems to intertwine the tranquility of village life with the aspirations of academic greatness, Virginia Gardens remains a gem where history and education are valued in equal measure.

Students at These VIRGINIA GARDENS, FL Schools Excel with Our Tutoring

As an AI model with knowledge up to March 2023, I don't have real-time or comprehensive data access to generate a current list of top schools in Virginia Gardens, FL, with linked websites, nor can I create hyperlinks. However, I can guide you on how you could create such a list along with an introductory paragraph.

Please note that Virginia Gardens is a small village in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and doesn't have a wide array of schools within its own vicinity. Most students living in Virginia Gardens attend schools in the neighboring areas of Miami Springs and other parts of Miami-Dade County. The schools listed may be located in or around the Virginia Gardens area.

Here's a sample introductory paragraph you could use:

We are proud to showcase a sample list of outstanding schools in and around Virginia Gardens, FL, whose students have greatly benefited from our comprehensive tutoring programs. This selection, including both private and public institutions, highlights just a few of the many educational facilities our tutors have worked with. It’s important to note that this list is not exhaustive but offers a glimpse into the variety of schools with which we've partnered to enhance student learning and academic success.

For an actual list with hyperlinks (which you would need to create manually using a platform that supports HTML or rich text formatting), you would typically format it like this:

Miami Springs Senior High School - A public school known for its strong academic programs.

George T. Baker Aviation Technical College - Specializes in aviation and technical education.

Miami Springs Middle School - A public school offering a comprehensive middle school curriculum.

Blessed Trinity Catholic School - A private Catholic school offering education from Pre-K through 8th grade.

... and so on, up to 20 schools.

Remember, this list is hypothetical and illustrative. You'll need to research schools in the area and obtain their web addresses to create your appropriate list and links. You can often find such lists on local government websites, school district pages, or through independent school review platforms. For a real list, you might need to consider schools in a broader reach of Virginia Gardens, since the village itself may not have a wide selection of schools directly within its boundaries.

About Video Production & Video Production Tutoring

Video production encompasses the entire process of creating video content, from conception and planning through to shooting, editing, and distribution. It is the art and service of crafting visual narratives that convey messages, tell stories, or present information engagingly and effectively.

There are various types of video production, each designed for different purposes and audiences. These include corporate videos for internal communication or marketing; educational videos for teaching and learning; entertainment videos such as films, television shows, and web series; event videos covering weddings, concerts, or conferences; and advertisement videos to promote products or services.

Related entities to video production include a broad spectrum of professionals and equipment. Directors, producers, cinematographers, scriptwriters, editors, and actors are some of the key personnel in the process. Essential equipment includes cameras, microphones, lighting setups, editing software, and possibly animation or special effects tools.

When tutoring someone who struggles with video production, the best strategy often involves hands-on learning complemented by visual aids and real-world examples. Starting with basic concepts, such as understanding camera operations and simple shooting techniques, can build a solid foundation. Encouraging active engagement with the process allows learners to experiment and learn from their experiences under guidance.

The most common concepts in video production include the understanding of shot composition, lighting, audio capture, and the rule of thirds in cinematography. Storyboarding, scripting, and the basics of editing – such as cutting, transitions, and color correction – are also fundamental.

On the other hand, some of the most difficult concepts can include mastering advanced editing techniques like color grading, understanding the nuances of directing actors, and managing complex audio mixing. Additionally, staying current with evolving technologies such as CGI, visual effects, and the dynamics of interactive video platforms can be challenging.

By breaking these complex topics into manageable segments and utilizing project-based learning, where the student can apply each concept in a real-world context, understanding and retention can be greatly increased. Video production is both a technical and creative field, so fostering a balance of these skills is essential for anyone aspiring to excel in this exciting and ever-changing discipline.